甲型/乙型流感病毒抗原熒光PCR檢測(cè)卡

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甲型/乙型流感病毒抗原熒光PCR檢測(cè)卡

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【公司名稱(chēng)】 廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
【市場(chǎng)部】    楊永漢

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【騰訊  】 2042552662
【公司地址】 廣州清華科技園創(chuàng)新基地番禺石樓鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)啟路63號(hào)二期2幢101-103室

我國(guó)炭疽疫源地分布廣泛，全國(guó)30多個(gè)省（市、自治區(qū)）都不同程度地有炭疽的發(fā)生和流行。據(jù)近年獸醫(yī)公報(bào)統(tǒng)計(jì)（不*統(tǒng)計(jì)），我國(guó)動(dòng)物炭疽疫情每年發(fā)生30次左右，發(fā)病動(dòng)物可達(dá)數(shù)千頭（只）。我國(guó)炭疽疫區(qū)主要集中在西北和東北地區(qū)，特別是新疆、青海、寧夏、內(nèi)蒙和東三省多發(fā)。
近年來(lái)，我國(guó)炭疽流行呈穩(wěn)中有升趨勢(shì)，人炭疽傳播來(lái)源均為感染發(fā)病的牲畜。2011-2012年，吉林、內(nèi)蒙、新疆、遼寧、山東、江蘇等地連續(xù)暴發(fā)14起動(dòng)物炭疽，呈現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)同時(shí)暴發(fā)流行，并導(dǎo)致人感染發(fā)病。而山東、江蘇地區(qū)在過(guò)去5年無(wú)炭疽疫情報(bào)道，疫情的暴發(fā)是通過(guò)未嚴(yán)格檢測(cè)長(zhǎng)途販運(yùn)疫區(qū)感染牛羊所引發(fā)。由于家畜炭疽疫情不能被及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和處置，加上監(jiān)管措施不到位，導(dǎo)致感染動(dòng)物隨意流動(dòng)，結(jié)果幾乎都是發(fā)現(xiàn)人疑似炭疽病例后才追溯到動(dòng)物炭疽。值得關(guān)注的是，我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的動(dòng)物炭疽疫情監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)體系仍不完善，所報(bào)告的動(dòng)物炭疽病例數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能真實(shí)反映動(dòng)物炭疽流行情況。因此動(dòng)物炭疽的傳播范圍更廣，傳播速度更快，如不加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測(cè)與防控，會(huì)造成更多新的疫源地，加重疫病的流行。
二、流行趨勢(shì)
目前我國(guó)炭疽流行具有以下特點(diǎn)：（1）傳染源仍以感染的牛羊等家畜為主，其主要癥狀為敗血癥；（2）疫情原發(fā)地區(qū)以牧區(qū)和半牧區(qū)為主轉(zhuǎn)為以牧區(qū)為主；（3）疫情呈上升態(tài)勢(shì)；（4）疫情跨區(qū)傳播并時(shí)有多點(diǎn)暴發(fā)；（5）人炭疽傳染來(lái)源均為感染的家畜，年均發(fā)病數(shù)約300人。
根據(jù)我國(guó)炭疽流行態(tài)勢(shì)分析，可以預(yù)見(jiàn)，在今后較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)，炭疽仍將會(huì)對(duì)我國(guó)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)和公共衛(wèi)生構(gòu)成嚴(yán)重的持續(xù)威脅，炭疽自然疫源地和疫區(qū)的監(jiān)控亟需相關(guān)部門(mén)高度重視。
三、存在的問(wèn)題
目前我國(guó)炭疽疫情防控中存在諸多問(wèn)題，主要包括：（1）炭疽自然疫源地和疫區(qū)的監(jiān)控技術(shù)與措施不到位，動(dòng)物炭疽流行病學(xué)資料缺乏，疫源地本底不清；（2）草場(chǎng)退化和過(guò)度放牧，加之雨水沖刷水土流失，加大了炭疽芽孢暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；

Clostridium perfringens type C can produce both alpha and beta toxins and can cause enterotoxemia in newborn calves, foals, piglets and lambs, necrotic enteritis in poultry, acute enterotoxemia in adult sheep and Human necrotic enteritis and so on.
According to C-type Clostridium perfringens infected piglets after the course of the disease can be divided into: the most acute, acute, subacute and chronic four levels.
The most acute type: the symptoms are not easy to observe, occurred in piglets born 24 h, some sick piglets weak, stools were stained with blood loose stools, and soon entered a dying condition, a few do not show any symptoms on the sudden death.
Acute type: the most common clinical, sick pigs diarrhea, brown stool, and some tissue fragments, the duration of the general maintenance of 48 h, died after 36 h.
Subacute type: a lesser duration, the symptoms characterized by prolonged diarrhea, the disease early row of yellow droppings, then gradually become loose stools containing tissue fragments, duration of 5-7 d, the last death.
Chronic type: a longer course of illness, the case of intermittent diarrhea, good and bad times, discharge of yellow feces, getting thinner, and finally often due to stagnant growth and out, part of the death.
Clinical examination of the most common symptoms of intestinal disease, pathological changes in the most serious jejunum, intestinal contents of liquefaction, jejunum villi off necrosis, mesenteric and subserosal size of small bubbles, mesenteric lymph nodes, most were Red. Long duration of the disease to necrotizing enterocolitis as the main clinical symptoms, intestinal mucosa easy to peel, the intestine contains a large number of necrotic tissue fragments.
Clostridium perfringens type C not only infect pigs, but also in sheep, chickens, horses, rabbits and cattle and other animals. The bacteria present in the intestine of healthy animals, and Clostridium perfringens multiplies and grows once the flora in the intestine of the animal is out of control. The excreted feces contaminate the animal feed or the nipple. A large number of the bacteria will be with young animals suck milk or food contaminants into the young animals such as the body, invasion of intestinal villi and produce large amounts of toxins, the normal tissue damage to the intestine, toxin took the opportunity to enter, and then infringement of blood circulation with other Tissue organs.
Animal and human enterotoxemia and enteritis caused by C-type Clostridium perfringens in laboratory are similar to the clinical symptoms of naturally infected animals. The course of the disease can be divided into subacute, chronic and acute. The acute and subacute cases often show depression, severe abdominal pain and loose stools. Chronic cases occur mainly in adult animals, with clinical manifestations of dehydration and persistent diarrhea. Anthrax is a potent natural foci of zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax cases worldwide each year about 2 to 10 million. The disease occurs in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Oceania.