Seracare心肌磷脂IgG（Cardiolipin IgG）
| 型 號： | 美國 |
| 報 價： |  |
美國SeracareSeracare心肌磷脂IgG（Cardiolipin IgG） 陽性質(zhì)控品對照品 需要了解更多Seracare產(chǎn)品可以咨詢我們，本產(chǎn)品由廣州健侖生物科技有限公司提供
- 產(chǎn)品描述
美國Seracare心肌磷脂IgG（Cardiolipin IgG）
廣州健侖生物科技有限公司
廣州健侖長期供應(yīng)各種生物原料，主要代理品牌：美國Seracare、西班牙Certest、美國Fuller等等。
主要產(chǎn)品包括各種標準品、陽性對照品、單克隆抗原抗體。
其中常見的有：弓形蟲病、西尼羅河病毒、類風(fēng)濕因子、瘧疾、麻疹、萊姆病、百日咳桿菌、大腸桿菌、鼠傷寒沙門氏菌、李斯特菌等陽性對照品。
美國Seracare心肌磷脂IgG（Cardiolipin IgG）
我司還提供其它進口或國產(chǎn)試劑盒：登革熱、瘧疾、流感、A鏈球菌、合胞病毒、腮病毒、乙腦、寨卡、黃熱病、基孔肯雅熱、克錐蟲病、違禁品濫用、肺炎球菌、軍團菌、化妝品檢測、食品安全檢測等試劑盒以及日本生研細菌分型診斷血清、德國SiFin診斷血清、丹麥SSI診斷血清等產(chǎn)品。
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【Seracare產(chǎn)品介紹】
編號 | 英文名稱 | 中文名稱 |
JL-FA-01 | Amebiasis (AME) | 阿米巴病 |
JL-FA-02 | Allergens, Rast scores | 過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實驗。指對特定的人群引起免疫反應(yīng)或者過敏反應(yīng)的食品中的蛋白質(zhì) |
JL-FA-03 | Allergens, Rast scores negative | 過敏原，放射性過敏原吸收實驗陰性 |
JL-FA-04 | Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide Antibody (CCP) Arthritis | 抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽抗體 |
JL-FA-05 | ASCA Saccharomyces Cerevi | 人抗釀酒酵母抗體（ASCA） |
JL-FA-06 | Aspergillis | 麴菌病 |
JL-FA-07 | Beta 2 Glycoprotein | β2糖蛋白 |
JL-FA-08 | Beta 2 Glycoprotein IgM | β2糖蛋白 IGM |
JL-FA-09 | Bordela Pertussis | 百日咳桿菌 |
JL-FA-10 | Bordela Pertussis IgM | 百日咳桿菌 IGM |
JL-FA-11 | C-ANCA | C-抗中性粒細胞胞漿抗體（ANCA) |
JL-FA-12 | Cardiolipin | 心肌磷脂 |
JL-FA-13 | Cardiolipin IgA | 心肌磷脂 IGA |
JL-FA-14 | Cardiolipin IgG | 心肌磷脂 IGG |
JL-FA-15 | Cardiolipin IgM | 心肌磷脂 IGM |
JL-FA-16 | Cerebral Spinal Fluid | 腦脊髓液 |
JL-FA-17 | Chagas | 恰加斯病/南美錐蟲 |
JL-FA-18 | Chlamydia | 衣原體 |
JL-FA-19 | Chlamydia IgA | 衣原體IGA |
JL-FA-20 | Chlamydia IgG | 衣原體IGG |
JL-FA-21 | Chlamydia IgM | 衣原體IGM |
JL-FA-22 | Chlamydia Neg | 衣原體陰性 |
JL-FA-23 | Clotting Factor C3 | 凝固因子C3 |
JL-FA-24 | Clotting Factor C4 | 凝固因子C4 |
JL-FA-25 | Coccidiodes | 球孢菌 |
JL-FA-26 | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Neg | 巨細胞病毒抗體陰性 |
JL-FA-27 | CMV IgG | 巨細胞病毒 IGG陽性 |
JL-FA-28 | CMV IgM VCA | 巨細胞病毒 IGM 陽性 |
JL-FA-29 | C-Reactive Protein (CRP) | C-反應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì) |
JL-FA-30 | Dengue Fever | 登革熱 |
JL-FA-31 | Dengue Fever IgM | 登革熱 IGM |
JL-FA-32 | DS (Double Stranded) DNA | 雙鏈脫氧核糖核酸 |
JL-FA-33 | EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgG | EB病毒核抗原 IGG |
JL-FA-34 | EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) IgM | EB病毒核抗原 IGM |
JL-FA-35 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negative Plasma | EB病毒陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-36 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgM | EB病毒早期抗原 IGM |
JL-FA-37 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) VCA IgM | EB病毒殼蛋白 IGM |
JL-FA-38 | Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) EA IgG | EB病毒早期抗原 IGG |
JL-FA-39 | EMA (Endomysial Antibodies) | 肌內(nèi)膜 |
JL-FA-40 | Gliadin | 麩蛋白,麥醇溶蛋白,麥膠蛋白 |
JL-FA-41 | Gliadin IgG | 麥醇溶蛋白 IGG |
JL-FA-42 | Gliadin IgA | 麥醇溶蛋白 IGA |
JL-FA-43 | Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBMA) | 腎小球基底膜病 |
JL-FA-44 | Helicobacter pylori IgA | 幽門螺旋桿菌IGA |
JL-FA-45 | Helicobacter pylori IgG | 幽門螺旋桿菌IGG |
JL-FA-46 | Helicobacter pylori IgM | 幽門螺旋桿菌IGM |
JL-FA-47 | Helicobacter pylori Negative | 幽門螺旋桿菌陰性 |
JL-FA-48 | Helicobacter pylori Positive Plasma | 幽門螺旋桿菌陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-49 | Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Pos. Plasma | 甲型肝炎病毒陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-50 | Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) IgM | 甲型肝炎病毒IGM |
JL-FA-51 | Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgG | 乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGG |
JL-FA-52 | Hepatitis B Core (HBc) IgM | 乙型肝炎病毒核心 IGM |
JL-FA-53 | Anti Hbe (Antibody to HBV antigen) | 乙肝抗體 |
JL-FA-54 | Hepatitis Delta Virus | 丁型肝炎病毒 |
JL-FA-55 | HBeAg (HBV e antigen) | 乙肝 E抗原 |
JL-FA-56 | anti-HBs (HBV surface antibody) | 乙肝表面抗體 |
JL-FA-57 | Hepatitis B (HBsAg) "Chronic" | 乙型肝炎（乙肝表面抗原）“慢性病 |
JL-FA-58 | HBsAg (HBV surface antigen) Serum | 乙肝表面抗原血清 |
JL-FA-59 | HBsAg (AD) | 乙肝表面抗原（AD） |
JL-FA-60 | HBsAg (AY) | 乙肝表面抗原（AY） |
JL-FA-61 | HBV Positive Plasma | 乙肝陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-62 | HBV DNA Plasma | 乙肝DNA血漿 |
JL-FA-63 | HBV DNA Serum | 乙肝DNA血清 |
JL-FA-64 | HBV DNA type A | A型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-65 | HBV DNA type B | B型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-66 | HBV DNA type C | C型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-67 | HBV DNA type D | D型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-68 | HBV DNA type E | E型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-69 | HBV DNA type F | F型 乙肝DNA |
JL-FA-70 | HBV Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma CO-INFECTED | 乙肝和丙肝聯(lián)合感染血漿 |
JL-FA-71 | HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) Antibody | 丙型肝炎抗體 |
JL-FA-72 | HCV Core Antigen Positive | 丙肝核心抗原 陽性 |
JL-FA-73 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 1 | 基因1型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-74 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 2 | 基因2型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-75 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 3 | 基因3型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-76 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 4 | 基因4型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-77 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 5 | 基因5型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-78 | HCV RNA PLASMA Genotype 6 | 基因6型丙肝RNA 血漿 |
JL-FA-79 | HCV Riba single band | 丙肝免疫印跡單波段 |
JL-FA-80 | HCV RIBA Pos. (multiple bands) | 丙肝免疫印跡陽性多波段 |
JL-FA-81 | HCV Negative | 丙肝陰性 |
JL-FA-82 | HCV RNA Pos (quantitative) | 丙肝RNA陽性（定量） |
JL-FA-83 | Hepatitis E | 戊型肝炎 |
JL-FA-84 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)1/2 Positive Plasma | 單純性皰疹病毒1/2陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-85 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 Negative Plasma | 單純性皰疹病毒1 陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-86 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 1 IgG | 單純性皰疹病毒1 IGG |
JL-FA-87 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV 1) IgM | 單純性皰疹病毒1 IGM |
JL-FA-88 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgG | 單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG |
JL-FA-89 | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 2 IgM | 單純性皰疹病毒2 IGG |
JL-FA-90 | Histone | 組蛋白 |
JL-FA-91 | Human Anti Mouse Ab (HAMA) | 人抗鼠抗體 |
JL-FA-92 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Neg | HIV I 陰性 |
JL-FA-93 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Plasma | 抗HIV I 血漿 |
JL-FA-94 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 Serum | 抗HIV I 血清 |
JL-FA-95 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Western Blot Tested | 抗HIV 2 免疫印跡 |
JL-FA-96 | anti Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1/2 2 HIV (+) | 抗HIV 1/2 2 HIV陽性 |
JL-FA-97 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Ag | HIV抗原 |
JL-FA-98 | HIV RNA (quantitative) Plasma | HIV RNA 定量血漿 |
JL-FA-99 | HIV RNA (quantitative) Serum | HIV RNA 定量血清 |
JL-FA-100 | HIV1 Subtype A | HIV1 亞型A |
JL-FA-101 | HIV1 Subtype B | HIV1 亞型B |
JL-FA-102 | HIV1 Subtype C | HIV1 亞型C |
JL-FA-103 | HIV1 Subtype D | HIV1 亞型D |
JL-FA-104 | HIV1 Subtype E | HIV1 亞型E |
JL-FA-105 | HIV1 Subtype F | HIV1 亞型F |
JL-FA-106 | HIV1 Subtype G | HIV1 亞型G |
JL-FA-107 | HIV1 Subtype H | HIV1 亞型H |
JL-FA-108 | HIV1 Subtype J | HIV1 亞型J |
JL-FA-109 | HIV1 Subtype K | HIV1 亞型K |
JL-FA-110 | HIV1 Group O | HIV1 亞型O |
JL-FA-111 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Plasma | HIV 2 抗體血漿 |
JL-FA-112 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 2 Antibody Serum | HIV 2 抗體血清 |
JL-FA-113 | HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Negative | 人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陰性 |
JL-FA-114 | HPV (Human Papiloma Virus) Positive | 人乳狀瘤病毒HPV陽性 |
JL-FA-115 | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Antibody HCV Antibody Plasma COINFECTED | HIV 抗體 HCV |
JL-FA-116 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I/II | 人嗜T淋巴細胞病毒(HTLV) I/II |
JL-FA-117 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) I | 人嗜T淋巴細胞病毒(HTLV) I |
JL-FA-118 | Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) II | 人嗜T淋巴細胞病毒(HTLV) II |
JL-FA-119 | Jo-1 | 多發(fā)性肌炎抗原JO-1 |
JL-FA-120 | IgE < 5,000 Ku/L | IgE < 5,000 Ku/L |
JL-FA-121 | Legionella | 軍團桿菌屬 |
JL-FA-122 | Leptospira | 軍團桿菌屬 |
JL-FA-123 | Lyme Disease | 萊姆(氏)病:蜱傳播的全身性疾病,常在夏季發(fā)生 |
JL-FA-124 | Lyme IgG | 萊姆(氏)病 IGG |
JL-FA-125 | Lyme IgM | 萊姆(氏)病 IGM |
JL-FA-126 | Lyme Disease Neg | 萊姆(氏)病 陰性 |
JL-FA-127 | Malaria | 瘧疾 |
JL-FA-128 | Mononucleosis (infectious) | 單核細胞增多癥（有傳染性的） |
JL-FA-129 | Mononucleosis Negative | 單核細胞增多癥陰性 |
JL-FA-130 | Measles Negative | 麻疹 陰性 |
JL-FA-131 | Measles IgG | 麻疹 IGG |
JL-FA-132 | Measles IgM | 麻疹 IGM |
JL-FA-133 | Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Positive Plasma Standard Titer (typically 1,000-3,000 IU/mL) | 微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體 |
JL-FA-134 | Microsomal Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO) Negative Plasma | 微粒體抗甲狀腺過氧化物酶抗體 |
JL-FA-135 | Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) | 抗線粒體抗體 |
JL-FA-136 | Multiple Sclerosis | 多發(fā)性硬化癥 |
JL-FA-137 | Mumps IgG | 流行性腮腺炎 IGG |
JL-FA-138 | Mumps Ab IgM | 流行性腮腺炎抗體 IGM |
JL-FA-139 | Mumps Antibody Negative Plasma | 流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-140 | Mumps Antibody Negative Serum | 流行性腮腺炎抗體陰性血清 |
JL-FA-141 | Myeloma Plasma | 骨髓瘤血漿 |
JL-FA-142 | Myeloma IgA | 骨髓瘤IGA |
JL-FA-143 | Myeloma IgE | 骨髓瘤IGE |
JL-FA-144 | Myeloma IgG | 骨髓瘤IGG |
JL-FA-145 | Myeloma IgM | 骨髓瘤IGM |
JL-FA-146 | Mycoplasma | 支原體 |
JL-FA-147 | Mycoplasma Negative | 支原體陰性 |
JL-FA-148 | Mycoplasma IgG | 支原體IGG |
JL-FA-149 | Mycoplasma IgM | 支原體IGM |
JL-FA-150 | Mycoplasma PCR | 支原體PCR |
JL-FA-151 | Normal Human Plasma | 正常人血漿 |
JL-FA-152 | Normal Human Serum | 正常人血清 |
JL-FA-153 | Nuclear Antibody Centromere | 核抗體著絲粒 |
JL-FA-154 | Nuclear Antibody, Speckled ANA | 核抗體，斑點抗核抗體 |
JL-FA-155 | Nuclear Antibody, Nucleolar ANA | 核抗體,核仁抗核抗體 |
JL-FA-156 | Nuclear Antibody, Homogeneous ANA | 核抗體，同質(zhì)抗核抗體 |
JL-FA-157 | Nuclear Antiobody, Speckled. (ANA) Negative | 核抗體，斑點?？购丝贵w陰性 |
JL-FA-158 | P-ANCA (associated neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) | 相關(guān)的嗜中性粒細胞胞漿抗體 |
JL-FA-159 | Parietal Cell Antibody (PCA) | 胃)壁細胞抗體 |
JL-FA-160 | Parvo positive plasma | 細小病毒陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-161 | Parvo IgM | 細小病毒 IGM |
JL-FA-162 | Parvo IgG | 細小病毒 IGG |
JL-FA-163 | Parvo Negative Plasma | 細小病毒陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-164 | Parvo DNA positive | 細小病毒 DNA 陽性 |
JL-FA-165 | Phospholipid Positive Plasma | 磷脂陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-166 | Prothrombin | 凝血酶原,凝血因子 |
JL-FA-167 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) <1000 IU/mL | 類風(fēng)濕因子<1000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-168 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 1001-2000 IU/mL | 類風(fēng)濕因子1001-2000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-169 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 2001-4000 IU/mL | 類風(fēng)濕因子 2001-4000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-170 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) 4001-5000 IU/mL | 類風(fēng)濕因子 4001-5000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-171 | Rheumatoid Factor (RF) >5000 IU/mL | 類風(fēng)濕因子>5000 IU/mL |
JL-FA-172 | Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) Positive | 核糖核蛋白陽性 |
JL-FA-173 | Rubella Chimeric | 風(fēng)疹 |
JL-FA-174 | Rubella Negative | 風(fēng)疹陰性 |
JL-FA-175 | Rubella IgG | 風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG |
JL-FA-176 | Rubella IgM | 風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GM |
JL-FA-177 | Rubeola Negative Plasma | 風(fēng)疹陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-178 | Rubeola IgG | 風(fēng)疹I(lǐng)GG |
JL-FA-179 | Scleroderma (Scl-70) Pos | 膠原沉著病,硬皮病,硬皮癥 陽性 |
JL-FA-180 | Scleroderma (Scl-70) Negative | 硬皮病陰性 |
JL-FA-181 | Sickle Cell Fresh Whole Blood | 鐮刀形紅細胞新鮮全血 |
JL-FA-182 | Smith (SM) | 抗Smith抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體） |
JL-FA-183 | SMITH RNP | 抗RNP抗體陽性血清（SLE的特征性抗體） |
JL-FA-184 | Smooth Muscle (ASMA) | 抗平滑肌抗體陽性血清 |
JL-FA-185 | Sjogren syndrome antigen A (SSA) Positive | 舍格倫綜合征或干燥綜合征抗原A 陽性 |
JL-FA-186 | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Positive | 舍格倫綜合征抗原B 陽性 |
JL-FA-187 | Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) Negative | 舍格倫綜合征抗原B陰性 |
JL-FA-188 | Streptolysin O Ab (ASO) | 鏈球菌溶血素O抗體 |
JL-FA-189 | Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Positive Plasma | 梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-190 | Syphilis (RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin) Negative Plasma | 梅毒（梅毒-快速血漿反應(yīng)）陰性血漿 |
JL-FA-191 | Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgG | 梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGG |
JL-FA-192 | Syphilis/ATA/T. pallidum IgM | 梅毒ATA/T，蒼白球IGM |
JL-FA-193 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Positive | 全身性紅斑狼瘡陽性 |
JL-FA-194 | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Negative | 全身性紅斑狼瘡陰性 |
JL-FA-195 | TG/TPO Positive (Standard Titer 1,000 - 3000 IU/mL) | 甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陽性 |
JL-FA-196 | TG/TPO Negative | 甲狀腺球蛋白/甲狀腺過氧化物酶陰性 |
JL-FA-197 | TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) | 組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶 |
JL-FA-198 | TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase) IgA | 組織轉(zhuǎn)谷氨酰胺酶 IGA |
JL-FA-199 | ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Positive | 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲，風(fēng)疹，巨細胞，單胞）陽性 |
JL-FA-200 | ToRCH (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, HSV) Negative | 優(yōu)生優(yōu)育（弓形蟲，風(fēng)疹，巨細胞，單胞）陰性 |
JL-FA-201 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) | 弓形蟲病 |
JL-FA-202 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgG | 弓形蟲病IGG |
JL-FA-203 | Toxoplasmosis (Toxo) IgM | 弓形蟲病IGM |
JL-FA-204 | Thyroglobulin (TG) Positive Plasma | 甲狀腺球蛋白陽性血漿 |
JL-FA-205 | Thyroglobulin (TG) Negative | 甲狀腺球蛋白陰性 |
JL-FA-206 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Negative | 水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒陰性 |
JL-FA-207 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgG | 水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGG |
JL-FA-208 | Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) IgM | 水痘-帶狀皰疹病毒IGM |
JL-FA-209 | West Nile Virus (WNV) | 西尼羅河腦炎病毒 |
JL-FA-210 | West Nile Virus (WNV) IgM | 西尼羅河腦炎病毒IGM |
美國
在小鼠中進行的這項研究也顯示腎臟自我更新的能力。不是單一型的腎干細胞就可替換任何丟失或受損的腎臟組織，而是駐留在腎臟的不同部分稍微??更專門的干細胞產(chǎn)生每個類型的腎組織??內(nèi)的新細胞。
“這就像有分支的樹，其中每個分支考慮其自身的成長，而不是依賴于軀干的照顧，”德克爾說。
科學(xué)家還發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些細胞是通過一個名為Wnt蛋白的細胞通路的活化作出生長的決定。Rinkevich說，即使腎上皮細胞的數(shù)量看起來一樣，zui健壯腎臟形成能力可追溯到前體細胞中的Wnt信號被激活，并且只能生長為某些特定類型的腎組織。“這提示了Wnt信號是負責(zé)新腎組織的成長提供了一個治療目標，以通過促進或恢復(fù)腎臟的再生能力，”他說。“我們也許能夠打開Wnt信號通路產(chǎn)生新的腎臟形成細胞。”
研究人員說，這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對于科學(xué)家試圖在實驗室創(chuàng)造腎部分有著至關(guān)重要的影響。
然而，他們警告說，這樣的進步并不迫在眉睫。“為了在實驗室里長出整個腎臟是復(fù)雜的，因為我們需要協(xié)調(diào)許多不同種類的前體細胞的活性，” 德克爾說。“這不象血液和免疫系統(tǒng)可以從一種類型的干細胞再生。”
奧地利科學(xué)技術(shù)研究所(IST)的副教授Harald Janovjak，與維也納醫(yī)學(xué)大學(xué)癌癥研究學(xué)會的副教授邁克爾·格呂施，一起利用光“遙控”癌細胞的行為，相關(guān)文章發(fā)表于本周的EMBO雜志上。這項工作*將光遺傳學(xué)應(yīng)用到癌癥研究的新領(lǐng)域。
為了解細胞信號的動態(tài)，研究人員需要將膜受體蛋白激活和使其失活，膜受體蛋白作為一個細胞內(nèi)外世界之間的中轉(zhuǎn)站。理想情況下，這種激活在短時間(幾秒到幾分鐘)以及近的目標位置(微米到毫米)內(nèi)發(fā)生。然而，如此高水平的活化精密度不能使用當(dāng)前的藥理學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)的方法來實現(xiàn)。光遺傳學(xué)利用光來控制細胞的活性，以及具有在時間和空間上精確地被應(yīng)用和移動(施加和除去)的優(yōu)點。Janovjak，格呂施和同事重新設(shè)計受體酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)，在光的控制下，感測生長因子和激素的必要的細胞表面受體。
當(dāng)一個信號分子結(jié)合到細胞表面的RTKs，兩種受體相互結(jié)合的過程稱為二聚化作用。這個過程會激活細胞的信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)。Janovjak，格呂施和同事將哺乳動物的RTKs的那些部分與光 - 氧 - 電壓傳感領(lǐng)域(鑒定黃綠藻的可逆光傳感器)結(jié)合。在工程化受體中，二聚化步驟和隨后的細胞信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)現(xiàn)在可以通過光隨著藻蛋白光感打開和關(guān)閉，以及彼此結(jié)合。在腫瘤細胞中，工程受體的活化導(dǎo)致細胞形態(tài)變化，細胞增殖和基因表達，增加癌癥的惡性程度的特性。在血細胞中，活化導(dǎo)致細胞出芽，典型的新血管形成。
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This study, conducted in mice, also shows the kidney's ability to self-renew. Rather than a single type of kidney stem cell that replaces any lost or damaged kidney tissue, it resides in a slightly more specialized, more specialized stem cell that produces new cells within each type of kidney tissue.
"It's like a tree with branches, each of which takes into account its own growth, not its torso care," Decker said.
Scientists also found that these cells are the decision to grow through the activation of a cellular pathway called Wnt protein. Rinkevich said that even though the number of renal epithelial cells looks the same, the most robust kidney formation can be traced back to the activation of Wnt signaling in precursor cells and can only grow to certain types of kidney tissue. "This suggests that Wnt signaling is responsible for the growth of new kidney tissue and provides a therapeutic target to promote or restore the regenerative capacity of the kidneys," he said. "We may be able to turn on the Wnt signaling pathway to produce new kidney-forming cells."
The researchers said the study found a crucial impact on scientists trying to create parts of the kidney in the lab.
However, they warned that such progress is not imminent. "To grow an entire kidney in a lab is complicated because we need to coordinate the activity of many different kinds of precursor cells," Decker said. "It's not like the blood and the immune system can regenerate from one type of stem cell."
Harald Janovjak, an associate professor at the Austrian Institute of Science and Technology (IST), and Michael Gruissch, associate professor at the Society for Cancer Research at the Medical University of Vienna, use light to "control" cancer cells in an article published this week in the EMBO journal. This work, for the first time, applies optogenetics to new areas of cancer research.
To understand the dynamics of cell signaling, researchers need to activate and inactivate membrane receptor proteins, which act as a transit site between the cell's inner and outer cells. Ideally, this activation occurs within short periods of time (seconds to minutes) and near target locations (micrometers to millimeters). However, such a high level of activation precision can not be achieved using current pharmacological and genetic approaches. Photogenetics uses light to control the activity of cells, and has the advantage of being precisely applied and moved (applied and removed) in time and space. Janovjak, Gruch and colleagues redesigned their receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to sense the necessary cell surface receptors for growth factors and hormones under the control of light.
When a signaling molecule binds to a cell surface RTKs, the two receptors bind to each other as a dimerization. This process activates cell signaling. Janovjak, Gruch and colleagues combined those parts of the mammalian RTKs with the field of photo-oxygen-voltage sensing, a reversible light sensor that identifies Chlorella. In engineered receptors, the dimerization step and subsequent cellular signal transduction can now be turned on and off by light along with the algin protein and bind to each other. In tumor cells, activation of engineered receptors leads to changes in cell morphology, cell proliferation and gene expression, and increases the malignancy of cancers. In blood cells, activation leads to cell budding, typical neovascularization.
